MATRIC NUMBER:24CP1223
DEPARTMENT:CROP PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE:AGR 202
FACULTY: AGRICULTURE


1. Agricultural Economics

Agricultural economics applies the principles of economics to agriculture.

It deals with how farmers and agribusinesses make decisions about the use of scarce resources (land, labor, capital, management) to produce food and raw materials efficiently.

Main areas of study:

Production economics – how inputs are combined for maximum output.

Farm management – planning and decision-making on the farm.

Agricultural marketing – distribution, pricing, and sales of farm produce.

Agricultural finance – sources and use of credit and investment in farming.

Agricultural policy – government policies that affect farming and food security.


Aim: To increase farm productivity, profitability, and ensure sustainable food supply.



2. Rural Sociology

Rural sociology is the study of the social structure, behavior, and development of rural communities.

It focuses on how rural people live, interact, and adapt to changes in agriculture and society.

Key areas include:

Social organization of rural communities – families, groups, and institutions.

Rural social change – modernization, migration, and cultural shifts.

Rural problems – poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, poor infrastructure.

Community development – programs that improve rural welfare and living standards.

Relationship between rural society and agriculture – how traditions, beliefs, and culture affect farming practices.


Aim: To understand and improve the living conditions of rural people while promoting rural development.

In summary:

Agricultural economics deals with the economic side of farming (production, finance, marketing, policy).

Rural sociology deals with the social side of rural life (community behavior, culture, development).