PARENTS' SLEEP

Parents of new babies miss out on 44 days of sleep in the first year of their child's life.

Research says new parents lose about 44 days of sleep in the first year of their newborn's life. In fact, new parents often get about 5.1 hours of sleep per night. But that number may be even lower when the child is first born.

It's not exactly surprising news that new parents don't get a lot of sleep. According to the Daily Mail, research says new parents lose about 44 days of sleep in the first year of their newborn's life. In fact, new parents often get about 5.1 hours of sleep per night.

But that number may be even lower when the child is firstborn. BabyCenter blogger Sara McGinnis had her sister-in-law, who had just given birth to a baby girl, Alison, use Fitbit's sleep tracker app to monitor "how things change after baby arrives."

The Fitbit tracker, which measured her sister-in-law's sleep patterns for several nights the week of Alison's birth, showed that the new mother wasn't anywhere close to even getting a total of eight hours of sleep per day. McGinnis wrote it was just "an average of four hours and four minutes a day, with no one period of sleep lasting so much as three hours."

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/person-holding-babys-index-finger-5zp0jym2w9M

Squirrels

Squirrels can climb trees faster than they can run on the ground.

Squirrels communicate with each other through various vocalizations and scent marking. They also use their tails as a signaling device, twitching them when uneasy to alert other squirrels of potential danger.

There are over 265 species of squirrel worldwide. The smallest is the African pygmy squirrel which is tiny at around 10 cm long, whereas the largest, the Indian giant squirrel, is a massive three feet long.

When a squirrel is scared and in danger, it will first remain motionless. If it is on the ground, it will run to a nearby tree and climb to safety, and if it is already in a tree, it will circle the trunk and press up against the bark tightly with its body.

Squirrels are very trusting animals and are of the few wild animal species that will eat out of a person's hand.

In colder regions such as the UK, squirrels plan to survive the challenging winter months. They store nuts and seeds at various locations and return to them throughout the winter to maintain their energy levels when food is scarce.

Squirrels tend to run in erratic paths, intended to deceive potential predators as to their chosen direction so that they may escape.

Squirrels are extremely intelligent creatures. They are known to put on elaborate bogus food burying displays to deceive onlookers. The fake burials trick potential thieves, such as other squirrels or birds, into thinking that they have stored their food stock there. Any observers planning to take the stash will then focus on the bogus burial site, allowing the squirrel to bury the real stash elsewhere safely.

Tree-dwelling squirrels like the grey squirrel build dreys (similar to bird's nests) made of wigs high in trees. They are about the size of a football and are lined with grass, bark, moss, and feathers for added comfort and insulation.

Squirrels communicate with each other through various vocalizations and scent marking. They also use their tails as a signaling device, twitching them when uneasy to alert other squirrels of potential danger.

There are 44 species of 'flying squirrel.' Rather than flying, these species glide using a membrane that stretches from their wrists to their ankles. It allows squirrels to glide naturally as humans do with a parachute. The squirrel is a Native American symbol of preparation, trust, and thriftiness.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/brown-squirrel-on-branch-of-tree-eating-nut-oJW6cBoCHfo

The Onion-Eye Grenadier

The roughhead grenadier or onion-eye grenadier is the animal with the largest eye-to-head ratio in the world.

The roughhead grenadier or onion-eye grenadier is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Macrouridae. It is a deep-water fish found in the Atlantic Ocean. The roughhead grenadier can reach a length of one meter (yard). The head occupies about one-quarter of the total length of the fish, it has a slender body and long tapering tail. There are some bony spiny scutes or scales on the upper side of the head but the lower side is scaleless. The snout is pointed and the smallmouth is set far back on the lower side of the head with a short barbel underneath. There are 3 to 5 rows of sharp teeth in the upper jaw and 1 or 2 rows in the lower jaw.

The eye is large and bulbous, giving the fish its alternative name of onion-eye grenadier. There are two dorsal fins, the front one having 11 to 13 fin rays and the hind one running along the back to the tip of the tail. The anal fin is similarly long and narrow and there is no tailfin. The body is covered in large ridged, spiny scales. The general body color is grey, darker underneath, with dark fins and dark edges to some of the scales.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.reddit.com/r/BeAmazed/comments/xr99qe/big_eye_grendalier_the_eye_is_large_and_bulbous/?rdt=50692

Lake Mead

The largest man-made lake in the U.S. is Lake Mead, created by Hoover Dam.

Lake Mead, the reservoir of Hoover Dam, one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, on the Arizona-Nevada border, 25 miles (40 km) east of Las Vegas, Nev., the U.S. Formed by the damming of the Colorado River, Lake Mead extends 115 miles (185 km) upstream, is from 1 to 10 miles (1.6 to 16 km) wide, and has a capacity of 31,047,000 acre-feet (38,296,200,000 cubic m) with 550 miles (885 km) of shoreline and a surface area of 229 square miles (593 square km). It was named after Elwood Mead, reclamation commissioner (1924–36).

Lake Mead National Recreation Area, established in 1936, has an area of 2,338 square miles (6,055 square km) and extends 240 miles (386 km) along the Colorado River, from the western end of Grand Canyon National Monument to below Davis Dam (1950). It includes Lake Mohave and part of the Hualapai Indian Reservation.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOjftFEjz2rOc4syrLnJled7A-xVCQp6MFg2yI2=w480-h320-n-k-no

Why Is Soccer So Popular?

Soccer is so popular because it is straightforward to play. Unlike sports such as American football or basketball, all you need is a ball and an open field.

So, why is soccer the most popular sport in the world? A lot of factors should be considered, but the most important one is soccer's decentralization, meaning that it is played globally instead of just in one region. Other factors, like its low cost to play and simplicity, significantly contribute to making it even more popular.

Sports, in general, awaken passion in people. Still, a couple of things make soccer different from other sports like baseball, basketball, or American football that make it significantly more popular in the world.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/people-watching-football-game-during-nighttime-abV5LdRGo_k

Cleopatra

Cleopatra, the last Pharaoh of Egypt, was Greek, not Egyptian.

Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, nominally survived as pharaoh by her son Caesarion. As a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period that had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Her native language was Koine Greek, and she was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.

In 58 BC, Cleopatra presumably accompanied her father Ptolemy XII during his exile to Rome after a revolt in Egypt, a Roman client state, allowed his daughter Berenice IV to claim the throne. Berenice was killed in 55 BC when the king returned to Egypt with Roman military assistance. When he died in 51 BC, the joint reign of Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII began. A falling-out between them led to open civil war. After losing the 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus in Greece against his rival Julius Caesar in Caesar's Civil War, the Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt, where Ptolemy had him killed while Caesar occupied Alexandria. Caesar had attempted to reconcile the siblings, but Ptolemy's chief adviser Potheinos viewed Caesar's terms as favoring Cleopatra, so his forces besieged her and Caesar at the palace. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy died in the 47 BC Battle of the Nile. His sister Arsinoe IV was eventually exiled to Ephesus for her role in carrying out the siege. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers, but maintained a private affair with Cleopatra that produced Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. After the assassinations of Caesar and (on her orders) Ptolemy XIV in 44 BC, she named Caesarion co-ruler.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.biography.com/royalty/a43842745/was-cleopatra-a-good-ruler

Water States

Earth is the only place in the Solar System where water can be present in its three states: solid, liquid, and vapor.

Water is the only substance on Earth that is present in all three states of matter – as a solid, liquid, or gas. (And Earth is the only planet where water is present in all three states.) Because of the ranges in temperature in specific locations around the planet, all three phases may be present in a single location or in a region. The three phases are solid (ice or snow), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor). Because Earth’s water is present in all three states, it can get into a variety of environments around the planet. The movement of water around the Earth’s surface is the hydrologic (water) cycle. 

Because it is a cycle, the water cycle has no beginning and no end.
The Sun, many millions of kilometers away, provides the energy that drives the water cycle. Our nearest star directly impacts the water cycle by supplying the energy needed for evaporation.

Most of Earth’s water is stored in the oceans where it can remain for hundreds or thousands of years. The oceans are discussed in detail in the chapter Earth’s Oceans.

Water changes from a liquid to a gas by evaporation to become water vapor. The Sun’s energy can evaporate water from the ocean surface or from lakes, streams, or puddles on land. Only the water molecules evaporate; the salts remain in the ocean or a freshwater reservoir.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/iceberg-on-body-of-water-under-cloudy-sky-qyVmp3mcFc0

Brazil's Coffee Industry

Brazil is by far the world's largest coffee producer company.

Coffee production in Brazil is responsible for about a third of all coffee, making Brazil by far the world's largest producer, a position the country has held for the last 150 years. Coffee plantations, covering some 27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi), are mainly located in the southeastern states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Parana where the environment and climate provide ideal growing conditions. Brazil produces around 40? of the world's coffee production. It is a major exporter of coffee.

The crop first arrived in Brazil in the 18th Century and the country had become the dominant producer by the 1840s. Brazilian coffee has prospered since the early 19th century when Italian immigrants came to work in the coffee plantations. Production as a share of world coffee output peaked in the 1920s but has declined since the 1950s due to increased global production.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-samsung-rev2&sca_esv=891eb93c4edd4a1c&source=android-browser&sxsrf=ADLYWIIkUfJO-yLlvUL4PtB6vlACEoJLHg%3A1720201517089&q=Brazil%27s%20Coffee%20Industry&udm=2&fbs=AEQNm0Aa4sjWe7Rqy32pFwRj0UkWfbQph1uib-VfD_izZO2Y5sC3UdQE5x8XNnxUO1qJLaRfKvQK6KSkFrWZdGNeSbyPGgG_YhkP2pin5k1OIAQuYkBR5ucuwRrgClqsS2-sTR7_9UyUR_bWC0LGfw05WI-ioKRR-y8_FfzAu1ERxsahBaIrBZUSg_qrvLp1YaA5ijhLEBog&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj83viCupCHAxV6VkEAHdyzD44QtKgLegQIBxAB#vhid=Gw9e9kDfuny-WM&vssid=mosaic

Parked Cars

Almost 95% of a car's lifetime is spent parked.

Reports of the death of car-buying among millennials turn out to have been greatly exaggerated. But there's one big reason ride-hailing services like Uber and autonomous vehicles are still a threat to private car ownership.

Put simply; we just don't use our cars very much.

Transportation adviser Paul Barter has confirmed longstanding claims by urban planners that, on average, cars are parked 95% of the time. Barter tries three different approaches, first using data on the number of car trips and their average time, then survey results about the time we spend driving, and finally extrapolating from reports on the distance and speeds cars travel.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/white-aston-martin-convertible-parked-near-trees-Os7C4iw2rDc

Brain Surgeries in the Stone Age

Signs of successful brain surgeries go as far back as the Stone Age.

Archaeologists have unearthed evidence of ancient surgery among the remains of people who lived in a settlement near Istanbul, Turkey, between the 11th and 6th centuries B.C. A skull, buried among the many remains undergoing excavation in the location of the ancient Roman city of Bathonea, was found to have been cut into, and examinations showed the patient survived the apparent surgery.

Excavation team member and forensic science expert Ömer Turan told Hurriyet Daily News, "The skull of this person, who is over the age of 30, was cut very regularly by medical workers, just like today's brain surgeons. It is a painful process to open the skull. A person cannot tolerate this pain and should be anesthetized, so this type of operation in such an early era makes us think there was a kind of anesthesia. Biological studies on the bones will enable us to find out which substance was used. The traces of recovery are apparent in the place of operation."

Over 400 small bottles have been unearthed on site. Chemical examination revealed that this terracotta unguentarium contained methanone, phenanthrene, and phenanthrene carboxylic acid. The study showed the bottles had been filled with the mixed chemicals deliberately, added with the use of specific calculations. These findings, and the number of bottles, led Turan and the excavation team to surmise the location was a production center. Turan told Hurriyet Daily News, "This place may be a drug production or storage center, like a pharmaceutical warehouse. There are studies related to the flora of the region. It is believed that this region was rich in plant diversity. The stock of these drugs may be here."

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.quora.com/What-is-brain-surgery-like-from-ancient-times-to-the-lobotomy-era

Whales

Whales can't swim backward.

How would you describe the shape of a whale or dolphin? Wouldn't you say they are very streamlined? Very few appendages (like your arms and legs) stick out to slow the animal down as it swims through the water. A whale's body is shaped like a submarine or the body of an airplane.

The smooth, rubbery skin, the lack of hair, and no ears sticking out also contribute to the sleek body designed for speed in the water.

But it takes more than a sleek body to maneuver in the water. Remember, when whales and dolphins go after their food, they swim at the surface and dive to great depths. They need rudders and propellers.

Look closely at a whale or dolphin. You'll see that many have a dorsal fin, the fin that sticks up from the back of the animal. Scientists believe that the dorsal fin acts as a stabilizer or a rudder. You might think the dorsal fin has bones, like the fins on fish. But the whale's dorsal fin has no bones. Instead, it is composed of dense tissue, somewhat like a thick, folded skin ridge.

You'll also see flippers low on the sides of the animals. Those flippers are used for steering, balancing, and for stopping. But they are not used for moving forward through the water.

Forward motion is created by the whale's or dolphin's tail, or flukes, moving up and down in the water. It serves as the propeller. Powerful muscles running along the backbone and sides of the whale's body move the tail up and down in the water, providing the power that pushes the animal through the water or deep into the ocean. One way to remember that whales are not fish is that fish move their bodies sideways when they swim; whales move their bodies up and down.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/todays-whales-are-so-huge-why-arent-they-huger-180969466/

Long-Range Snipers

A Canadian sniper hit and killed his target in Iraq at a staggering range of 3,540 meters.

The Canadian military confirmed this week that a sniper with Canada’s elite special forces crushed the world record for the longest-known kill shot. The unnamed shooter hit and killed his target in Iraq at the staggering range of 3,540 meters, more than a kilometer further than the last record set in 2009 by British sniper Craig Harrison in Afghanistan.

To pull a trigger and have it hit a target thousands of meters away is a remarkable feat. It requires fine-tuned physical and cognitive skills, coupled with a savant-like awareness of how a bullet traveling over 1,000 kilometers per hour will interact with the complex environmental conditions along its trajectory. Indeed, long-range sniping is a combination of physics, art, and luck. Here we look at the obstacles that stand between a sniper and their target, and how they adjust to land the shot.

According to accounts from the Canadian Armed Forces, the recent record-breaking shot hit its target 10 seconds after the trigger was pulled. Meanwhile, the Earth kept spinning. Accounting for the planet’s rotation depends on the direction of the target. If it’s easterly, the bullet will land higher than the shooter aimed. If the target is westerly, the bullet will shoot low. If you shoot straight north or south, where the axes of the Earth are, there will be no effect at all.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.bundeswehr.de/en/organization/army/news/snipers-invisible-precise-dangerous-part-1-5083800

The Vanilla Flavoring

The vanilla flavoring in a baked good or a candy could come from the anal excretions of beavers.

Beaver butts secrete a goo called castoreum, which the animals use to mark their territory. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum as a “generally regarded as safe” additive, and manufacturers have been using it extensively in perfumes and foods for at least 80 years, according to a 2007 study in the International Journal of Toxicology.

Castoreum is a chemical compound that mostly comes from a beaver’s castor sacs, which are located between the pelvis and the base of the tail. Because of its proximity to the anal glands, castoreum is often a combination of castor gland secretions, anal gland secretions, and urine.

The fragrant, brown slime is about the consistency of molasses, though not quite as thick. While most anal secretions stink, due to odor-producing bacteria in the gut, this chemical compound is a product of the beaver’s unique diet of leaves and bark. Instead of smelling icky, castoreum has a musky, vanilla scent, which is why food scientists like to incorporate it in recipes.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/beaver

1,000 Heart Beats a Minute

A hummingbird's heart beats over 1,000 times a minute.

Hummingbirds have long intrigued scientists. Their wings can beat 80 times a second. Their hearts can beat more than 1,000 times a minute. They live on nectar and can pack 40 percent of their body weight in fat for migration.

But sometimes, they are so lean that they live close to caloric bankruptcy. At such times, some hummingbirds could starve to death while they sleep because they're not getting to eat every half-hour. Instead, they enter a state of torpor, with heartbeat and body temperature turned way down to diminish the need for food.

Kenneth C. Welch Jr. at the University of Toronto, Scarborough, has studied the metabolisms of hummingbirds for more than a decade. His most recent research with Derrick J.E. Groom in his lab and other colleagues is on hummingbirds' size and energy efficiency. Using data on oxygen consumption and wing beats to get an idea of how much energy hummingbirds take in and how much work they put out, the scientists found that bigger hummingbirds are more strenuous hovering flight efficient energy users than smaller ones. The research was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Excerpts from a telephone conversation with Welch have been edited for clarity and length.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://unsplash.com/photos/wildlife-photography-of-brown-hummingbird-near-red-petaled-flower-T7BgXyf7JNY

Roller Coasters

The world's first roller coaster opened in 1884 at Coney Island New York.

In 1884, the first roller coaster in America opens at Coney Island, in Brooklyn, New York. Known as a switchback railway, it was the brainchild of LaMarcus Thompson, traveled approximately six miles per hour, and cost a nickel to ride. The new entertainment was an instant success and by the turn of the century, there were hundreds of roller coasters around the country.

Coney Island, a name believed to have come from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt, or Rabbit Island is a tract of land along the Atlantic Ocean discovered by explorer Henry Hudson in 1609. The first hotel opened at Coney Island in 1829 and by the post-Civil War years, the area was an established resort with theaters, restaurants, and a race track. Between 1897 and 1904, three amusement parks sprang up at Coney Island–Dreamland, Luna Park, and Steeplechase. By the 1920s, Coney Island was reachable by subway, and summer crowds of a million people a day flocked there for rides, games, sideshows, the beach, and the two-and-a-half-mile boardwalk, completed in 1923.

The hot dog is said to have been invented at Coney Island in 1867 by Charles Feltman. In 1916, a nickel hot dog stand called Nathan's was opened by a former Feltman employee and went on to become a Coney Island institution and international franchise. Today, Nathan's is famous not only for its hot dogs but its hot-dog-eating contest, held each Fourth of July in Coney Island.

Roller coasters and amusement parks experienced a decline during the Great Depression and World War II when Americans had less cash to spend on entertainment. Finally, in 1955, the opening of Disneyland in Anaheim, California, signaled the advent of the modern theme park and a rebirth of the roller coaster. Disneyland's success sparked a wave of new parks and coasters. By the 1970s, parks were competing to create the most thrilling rides. In 2005, Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, introduced the Kingda Ka roller coaster, the world's tallest (at 456 feet) and fastest (at 128 mph).

By the mid-1960s, the major amusement parks at Coney Island had shut down and the area acquired a seedy image. In recent decades it has been revitalized, however, and remains a popular tourist attraction. It's still home to the Cyclone, a wooden coaster that made its debut in 1927. Capable of speeds of 60 mph and with an 85-foot drop, the Cyclone is one of the country's oldest coasters in operation today.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.6sqft.com/90-years-ago-today-coney-islands-iconic-cyclone-roller-coaster-opened/

The Akhal-Teke

The Akhal-Teke is called the most beautiful horse in the world. It looks like it’s been dipped in gold.

The Akhal-Teke, a breed that is a direct descendant of the extinct Turkoman horse that lived in ancient times. There’s currently only 3,500 of this kind of horse in the world. This particular horse looks like he’s been dipped in gold.

The hair of some Akhal-Teke’s is so “fine and silky that it gives a special metallic sheen to any color”, according to the International Association of Akhal-Teke Breeding.

The Akhal-Teke has an incredibly beautiful coat that gleams in the sunlight. It’s a thoroughbred and stands between 58 and 64 inches (147 and 163 cm). In China, the horse goes by the name ‘the horse from heaven’.

The reason for its shiny shimmer lies in the structure of its fur, which is designed to act as a light intensifier and to throw back the light rays, according to the experts. It is believed that the ‘Akhal-Teke’ is born with this golden fur in order to use it as a camouflage in the desert.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.cowgirlmagazine.com/akhal-teke-turkmenistan/

Cockroach

Even after having its head cut off, a cockroach can still live for weeks.

To understand why cockroaches -and many other insects- can survive decapitation, it helps to understand why humans cannot, explains physiologist and biochemist Joseph Kunkel at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who studies cockroach development. First off, decapitation in humans results in blood loss and a drop in blood pressure, hampering oxygen and nutrition transport to vital tissues. In addition, humans breathe through their mouth or nose, and the brain controls that critical function so that breathing stops. Moreover, the human body cannot eat without the head, ensuring a swift death from starvation should it survive the other ill effects of head loss.

But cockroaches do not have blood pressure the way people do. "They don't have a huge network of blood vessels like humans or tiny capillaries that you need a lot of pressure to flow blood through," Kunkel says. "They have an open circulatory system, which there's much less pressure in. After you cut their heads off, their necks would often seal off just by clotting," he adds.

Cockroaches are also poikilotherms, or cold-blooded, meaning they need much less food than humans do. "An insect can survive for weeks on a meal they had one day," Kunkel says. "As long as some predator doesn't eat them, they'll just stay quiet and sit around unless they get infected by mold, bacteria, or a virus. Then they're dead."

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.pestworldforkids.org/pest-guide/cockroaches/

Las Vegas

From space, the brightest man-made place is Las Vegas.

The Las Vegas metropolitan area is located near the southern tip of Nevada, within the Mohave Desert. While the city is famous for its casinos and resort hotels—Las Vegas bills itself as "the entertainment capital of the world"—the wider metropolitan area includes several other incorporated cities and unincorporated areas (not part of a state-recognized municipality).

Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) observe and photograph numerous metropolitan areas when they are illuminated by sunlight, but the extent and pattern of these areas are perhaps best revealed at night by city lights. The surrounding darkness of the desert presents a stark contrast to the brightly lit street grid of the developed area. The Vegas Strip is reputed to be the brightest spot on Earth due to the concentration of lights on its hotels and casinos. The tarmac of McCarran International Airport is dark by comparison, while the airstrips of Nellis Air Force Base on the northeastern fringe are likewise dark. The dark mass of Frenchman Mountain borders the city to the east.

The acquisition of focused nighttime images requires astronauts to track the target with the handheld camera while the ISS is moving at a speed of more than 7 kilometers per second (over 15,000 miles per hour) relative to the Earth's surface. This was achieved during ISS Expedition 6 using a homemade tracking device, but subsequent crews have needed to develop manual tracking skills. These skills, together with advances in digital camera technology, have enabled recent ISS crews to acquire striking nighttime images of the Earth (such as this recent image of the Nile River Delta).

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.thestreet.com/travel/leading-las-vegas-strip-attraction-has-a-new-problem

The Trauma of Rape

Birth can reawaken the trauma of rape. Eight out of ten women who have been raped experience complications during their first birth.

The study examines the relationship between women who have been raped as an adult - 16 years or older - and their first birth.

The researchers were surprised to find that as many as 80 percent of the women had to have medical assistance during the delivery.

The study shows that women who have been raped stop having strong contractions towards the end of the delivery process.

“Active intervention, such as a pitocin drip, does not seem to help; in fact, it seems to make things worse,” said Lotta Halvorsen and Hilde Nerum, Ph.D. candidates at UiT.

It appears that common medical techniques and procedures that are used during childbirth may reawaken the trauma of rape.

The trauma may be reactivated when the woman is on her back and is undressed. She is surrounded by strangers who are "having their way" with her body.

Women who have not been raped will have a completely different experience of the assistance they receive during childbirth.

Those who have been abused are more vulnerable. "Their experiences have been suppressed, but come forward during the birth," says Halvorsen.

Halvorsen and Nerum are both midwives at the University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN). They emphasize that the babies that were born to the women in the study were not conceived as a result of the rape.

The study involved 50 women who all had been raped as adults. All were first-time mothers. In addition, the researchers recruited a control group of 150 women who were also giving birth for the first time.

The two researchers believe that doctors and midwives who care for pregnant women should have a greater focus on sexual abuse and rape. The issue is often shrouded in silence and shame, even though rape is one of the most violent and traumatizing types of abuse a woman may be subjected to.

Before the results of the study were known, neither women nor birth attendants would have thought that a previous rape could have negative consequences for delivery.

The 50 rape victims who were in the study have all been in contact with a mental health team at the UNN maternity clinic.

Halvorsen and Nerum have worked with the health team for ten years, and have heard women's stories over the years. The researchers believe that midwives and obstetricians must understand that a woman's life story also has an impact on how the birth proceeds.

An experience of rape seems to be a hidden reason for the different challenges that can arise during labor, both for the woman giving birth and for midwives.

Halvorsen says it is important that the midwife knows the woman's history, and it is especially important that these women are given the time and space they need to give birth without interference.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.speakyourmind.in/post/rape-a-continuous-loop-of-trauma

The History of Samsung

Lee Byung-Chul started Samsung as a trading company based in a city called Taegu in what is now South Korea, in 1938.

The Samsung Group is a South Korea-based conglomerate company that includes subsidiaries. It's one of the largest businesses in Korea, producing nearly one-fifth of the country's total exports with a primary focus on electronics, heavy industry, construction, and defense. Other major subsidiaries of Samsung include insurance, advertising, and entertainment businesses.

With only 30,000 won (about US$27), Lee Byung-chul started Samsung as a trading company based in a city called Taegu in what is now South Korea, in 1938. With only 40 employees, Samsung began as a grocery store, trading, and exporting goods produced in and around the city. It sold dried Korean fish and vegetables, as well as noodles.

The company grew and expanded to Seoul in 1947 but left when the Korean War broke out. Following the war, Lee started a sugar refinery in Busan before expanding into textiles and building what was, at the time, the largest woolen mill in Korea.

This early diversification became a successful growth strategy for Samsung, which rapidly expanded into the insurance, securities, and retail businesses. After the war, Samsung focused on the redevelopment of Korea, especially industrialization.

Source: Ultimate Facts
@https://www.lifewire.com/history-of-samsung-818809