The global pursuit of green and sustainable options has placed supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at the center of industrial applications as a revolutionary green solvent. As social norms and laws governing pollution and waste management tighten, the scCO2 technologies are already an important component of industrial engagement in sustainable development.

According to the UnivDatos, as per their “Green Solvents Market” report, the global market was valued at USD million in 2023, growing at a CAGR of about 7.05% during the forecast period from 2024-2032 to reach USD 6,130.25 million by 2032.

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The Unique Properties of Supercritical CO2

Supercritical carbon dioxide is a state of carbon dioxide which can be achieved by bringing the gas’s temperature over its critical temperature and increasing the pressure above the critical pressure (31.1°C, 73.8 bar). scCO2 provides a unique property of having the density of a liquid and the viscosity of a gas at the same time allowing it for effective dissolution, extraction and transportation of materials. scCO2 possesses the qualities of being non-flammable, non-toxic, and is a by-product of many industrial processes hence can easily replace the organic solvents that are used in many industries.

Industrial Applications of Supercritical CO2

The demand for greener solutions has seen scCO2 being embraced in various sectors owing to its versatility and ecological advantages. scCO2 technology has evolved to provide cost-friendly mechanized services in various sectors regarding eco-friendliness.

Extraction and Separation: scCO2 is employed extensively for the extraction of natural products such as essential oils, cannabinoids, or antioxidants. Its endeavors to extract plant materials in the food and wellness markets are also on the rise as it is non-destructive and selective even operating at low temperatures.

Cleaning and Degreasing: Over the last few years, cleaning and degreasing using technical fluids in the form of sc-co2 has been adopted in the electronics, aerospace, precision engineering and other sectors, significantly reducing the usage of chemical solvents. These efforts have also found recent employment in semiconductor manufacturing as the sc-co2 process is able to clean intricate parts without creating any mess also known as pollution.

Polymer Processing and Material Science: scCO2 has great potential in the development of novel biodegradable plastics and composite materials. The development of new foaming processes utilizing scCO2 is making it possible to manufacture advanced and lightweight materials for use in packaging, automotive and consumer goods.

Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications: scCO2 finds use in the areas of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics for the improvement of the active ingredient bioavailability, size uniformity, etc. Other growing areas are application of scCO2 in the production of nanomaterials and their incorporation into bioactive substances for enhancing shelf life and activity of the products.

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Technological Advancements and Challenges

The latest developments in supercritical CO2 technology have helped to increase the equipment effectiveness and lower the energy usage and the operational field. Despite this, a few hurdles persist, expensive scCO2 ready high-pressure equipment, impossibility of upscaling, and extraction selectivity of several compounds, among others. To solve these problems and improve the efficiency of the process, research is being done on continuous flow systems, scCO2 catalysts, hybrid systems and so on.

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